A Baker’s cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that can develop behind the knee. It is often caused by underlying conditions such as osteoarthritis or other knee joint problems that lead to the accumulation of synovial fluid. Synovial fluid is the lubricating fluid within the knee joint. This excess fluid can likewise form a cyst in the back of the knee, causing a bulge or lump.
Is it Baker’s Cyst?
Is it Baker’s Cyst?
Baker’s cysts can sometimes be painful and may require treatment if they become large or bothersome. Besides that, addressing the underlying knee condition is often the primary approach to managing them. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan as soon as suspect you have a Baker’s cyst. This is because it develops in the region behind the knee joint, known as the popliteal fossa. In addition to that,it can affect or put pressure on various structures in this area, including muscles. Additionally, muscles that may be affected or influenced by a Baker’s cyst include:
1. Gastrocnemius Muscle
This is one of the calf muscles, and its tendon passes close to the area where Baker’s cysts often form. Basically, the presence of a cyst can sometimes cause discomfort or affect the movement of this muscle.
2. Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus Muscles
These are two of the hamstring muscles, and their tendons are also in the vicinity of the popliteal fossa. A Baker’s cyst may cause pressure on these tendons.
3. Popliteus Muscle
The popliteus muscle is a small muscle located at the back of the knee joint, and its function is to unlock the knee joint. A Baker’s cyst can potentially put pressure on this muscle or its associated structures.
It’s important to note that while Baker’s cysts can affect these muscles indirectly by causing discomfort or restricting movement, the primary issue is the accumulation of synovial fluid in the bursa (a fluid-filled sac) behind the knee. Addressing the underlying cause of the cyst and managing any associated muscle discomfort are essential in its treatment. Besides that, consulting with a healthcare professional or physiotherapist is advisable for a proper evaluation and guidance on managing a Baker’s cyst. Physiotherapy management of a Baker’s cyst primarily aims to reduce pain, improve knee function, and address the underlying cause of the cyst.
Here are some common physiotherapy approaches:
1. Range of Motion Exercises: Physiotherapists often prescribe exercises to improve the knee’s range of motion and prevent stiffness.
2. Strengthening Exercises: Targeted exercises can help strengthen the muscles around the knee and providing better support and stability.
3. Ultrasound or Heat Therapy: These modalities can help reduce pain and promote blood flow to the affected area.
4. Ice Therapy: Applying ice can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain, especially after physical activity.
5. Manual Therapy: Physiotherapists may use hands-on techniques to improve joint mobility and reduce discomfort.
6. Education: Patients are often educated about activities to avoid and proper body mechanics to prevent exacerbating the cyst.
7. Supportive Devices: In some cases, the use of braces or crutches may be recommended to reduce pressure on the knee.
8. Gait Training: If an altered gait (walking pattern) contributes to the cyst, physiotherapists can help correct this.
9. Taping and Strapping: This can provide additional support and relieve discomfort.
10. Functional Training: Patients may receive guidance on specific functional movements to help them return to normal activities.
It’s important to remember that the effectiveness of physiotherapy for a Baker’s cyst depends on the individual’s specific condition and the underlying cause. In some cases, if the cyst is large or extremely painful, other treatments like aspiration (removal of fluid from the cyst) or surgery may be necessary. Always consult with a healthcare professional or our physiotherapists for a tailored treatment plan.
References:
Helfenstein, M., & Kuromoto, J. (2015). Popliteal cyst: a pictorial review. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology, 59(1), 87-93.
WRITTEN BY:
Philis Iguta
Physical Therapist
Chiropractic & Physiotherapy Health Centre
